{"id":1202,"date":"2021-11-03T13:08:24","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T12:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/?page_id=1202"},"modified":"2021-11-03T14:17:50","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T13:17:50","slug":"yahudi-hekimler","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/","title":{"rendered":"Yahudi Hekimler"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div id=\"maps-marker-pro-6ec0a3bc\" class=\"maps-marker-pro\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"mmp-map-wrap-6ec0a3bc\" class=\"mmp-map-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mmp-map-6ec0a3bc\" class=\"mmp-map\" style=\"height: 500px;\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\n\n\n\n<p><em><em>Haz\u0131rlayan: Dr. Horst Sassin<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Durak: Dr. Walter ve Dr. Ida Marcus<\/li><li>2. Durak: <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/2\/\">Prof. Dr. Eduard Schott<\/a><\/li><li>3. Durak: <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/3\/\">Dr. Emil Kronenberg<\/a><\/li><li>4. Durak: <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/4\/\">Bethesda Sanatoryumu<\/a><\/li><li>5. Durak: <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/5\/\">Dr. Paul Berkenau<\/a><\/li><li>6. Durak: <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/6\/\">Emil Kronenberg Binas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li>7. Durak: <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/7\/\">Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel<\/a><\/li><li>8. Durak: <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/8\/\">Belediye Hastaneleri<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Durak: Dr. Walter ve Dr. Ida Marcus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/S1Marcus-1.png\" alt=\"Kartenausschnitt Werwolf 20\" class=\"wp-image-114\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><em>Werwolf 20 \u2013<em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harita<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1894\u2019te Essen\u2019de do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk hekimi Dr. Walter Marcus ve yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Winternitz ad\u0131yla d\u00fcnyaya gelen meslekta\u015f\u0131, \u00e7ocuk hekimi Dr. Ida Marcus, 1923\u2019te D\u00fcsseldorf\u2019tan Solingen\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Oxford\u2019da do\u011fan Ida Marcus Prag\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. \u00dcyeleri aras\u0131nda Albert Einstein\u2019\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u2019ne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcnl\u00fc fizik\u00e7i, Winternitz ailesinin dostuydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1924\u2019ten itibaren Marcus \u00e7iftinin evi ve muayenehaneleri, bug\u00fcn Werwolf 20 adresinde yer alan binadayd\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131 Eva ve Hans-Werner de 1925 ve 1929 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Solingen\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Walter Marcus \u00e7ok sevilen bir hekimdi, zaten Nazi Partisi\u2019nin Yahudi i\u015fletmelerine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 boykota ra\u011fmen \u015fehirdeki ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ona g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi de bunu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu y\u00fczden, 1936\u2019da \u201cDer St\u00fcrmer\u201d adl\u0131 anti-Semitik yay\u0131nda Protestan rahip Julius R\u00f6\u00dfle\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131 kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MarcusWalterIda-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"Foto von Ida und Walter Marcus. Quelle: Karen I. Marcus\" class=\"wp-image-4829\"\/><figcaption>Ida und Walter Marcus. Kaynak: Karen I. Marcus<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Walter Marcus, 1936\u2019da sigorta \u015firketlerince onayl\u0131 hekim stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, 1938\u2019de de hekimlik lisans\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Pogrom gecesinde ise evi zarar g\u00f6rmedi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc evini satmak \u00fczere anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAri\u201d al\u0131c\u0131 kendi m\u00fcstakbel evine zarar gelmesini \u00f6nledi. Ancak \u00e7ocuk hekimi ertesi g\u00fcn tutuklanarak Dachau\u2019ya g\u00f6nderildi ve Almanya\u2019y\u0131 terk etme \u015fart\u0131yla Aral\u0131k 1938 ortalar\u0131nda sal\u0131verildi. Oxford do\u011fumlu kar\u0131s\u0131 Ida\u2019n\u0131n Britanya vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 sayesinde Filistin\u2019i ziyaret etmek i\u00e7in vize almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Oradan da \u0130ngiltere \u00fczerinden ABD\u2019ye ge\u00e7tiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1940\u2019lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda kar\u0131 koca Chicago\u2019daki Thorek Hastanesi\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131; ayr\u0131ca kendi laboratuvarlar\u0131n\u0131 kurdular ve Walter Marcus \u00f6zel bir muayenehane de a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MarcusIda_Ausweis-773x1024.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MarcusIda_Ausweis-773x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4831\" data-link=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/stadtrundfahrt-juedische-aerztinnen-in-solingen\/marcusida_ausweis\/\" class=\"wp-image-4831\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MarcusIda_laboratory41.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MarcusIda_laboratory41.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4832\" data-link=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/stadtrundfahrt-juedische-aerztinnen-in-solingen\/marcusida_laboratory41\/\" class=\"wp-image-4832\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MarcusIda_ObitTribune-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MarcusIda_ObitTribune-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4836\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/MarcusIda_ObitTribune-2.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/stadtrundfahrt-juedische-aerztinnen-in-solingen\/marcusida_obittribune-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-4836\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Solda: Ida Marcus\u2019un n\u00fcfus c\u00fczdan\u0131, 1937. Ortada: Ida Marcus (sa\u011fda) 1941\u2019de laboratuvar\u0131nda. Sa\u011fda: Dr. Ida Marcus\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm ilan\u0131. Kaynak: Karen I. Marcus <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ida Marcus, 2 Aral\u0131k 1958\u2019de zat\u00fcrreden \u00f6ld\u00fc. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, laboratuvarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir beyin enfeksiyonunun yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu geli\u015fti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Cenazesine geni\u015f bir kat\u0131l\u0131m oldu. Chicago belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 Richard J. Daley de taziye defterine yazanlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kocas\u0131 Walter ise daha sonra tekrar evlendi ve 28 Temmuz 1973\u2019te Chicago\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Durak: Prof. Dr. Eduard Schott<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/S2Schott-1.png\" alt=\"Kartenausschnitt Birkenweiher 43\" class=\"wp-image-116\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Birkenweiher 43 \u2013 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harita<\/a><\/em> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\"><\/a><em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\">Tur Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1886 do\u011fumlu Eduard Schott, Worms\u2019da yeti\u015fti. T\u0131p fak\u00fcltesinde okurken, gelece\u011fin \u00fcnl\u00fc hekim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc Albert Schweitzer ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onun etkisiyle Protestan inanc\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 cephelerindeki sahra hastanelerinde ba\u015fhekim olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. 1917\u2019de ise Yahudi olmayan Johanniter hem\u015firesi Ilse Gumprecht ile evlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce Schott, K\u00f6ln\u2019deki Uygulamal\u0131 T\u0131p Akademisi\u2019nde ders veriyordu. 1919\u2019da ise yeni kurulan K\u00f6ln \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi oldu. 1 Ekim 1927\u2019de, Solingen Belediye Hastanesi \u0130\u00e7 Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u015eefi ve \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi g\u00f6revlerini \u00fcstlenerek Birkenweiher 43 numaraya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1938 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kan bir yasayla Almanya\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn Yahudi hekimlerin lisans\u0131 ellerinden al\u0131n\u0131nca Dr. Schott da \u00f6zel muayenehanesini kaybetti. Ondan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra da, Kas\u0131m 1938\u2019deki pogromlarda evi yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve kendisi ge\u00e7ici olarak koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. O\u011flu Francis, 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu pogrom gecesini 1988\u2019de New York Times\u2019da \u015f\u00f6yle anlatacakt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBir anda olanca netli\u011fiyle anl\u0131yorum. Naziler bizi almaya gelmi\u015fler. E\u015fyalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcyorlar. Annem bizi korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde buz gibi bir korku kapl\u0131yor i\u00e7imi, kendi hayat\u0131mdan de\u011fil annemin hayat\u0131ndan endi\u015fe ediyorum. [&#8230;] Kristal Gece\u2019nin 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi ders \u015fu: Bir d\u00fczene g\u00f6re kurulu olan d\u00fcnya, seni ancak polisin gelip yakalayabilece\u011fi ve onu da ancak bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015fsen yapabilece\u011fi d\u00fcnya, yok art\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Profes\u00f6r Schott, Potsdamer Stra\u00dfe\u2019deki polis merkezinde tutulmaktayd\u0131 ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131nca g\u00f6\u00e7 haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. May\u0131s 1939\u2019da art\u0131k ABD\u2019deydi; kar\u0131s\u0131 ise d\u00f6rt \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla birlikte Weimar\u2019daki ailesinin yan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PK-1175-1024x627.jpg\" alt=\"Historische Postkarte Birkenweiher, rechts Haus Nr. 43. Quelle: Stadtarchiv Solingen, PK 1175\" class=\"wp-image-4168\"\/><figcaption><em>Birkenweiher\u2019in tarih\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, sa\u011fda 43 numaral\u0131 ev. Kaynak: Solingen Belediye Ar\u015fivi,<\/em> PK 1175<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Durak: Dr. Emil Kronenberg<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/S3Kronenberg-1.png\" alt=\"Kartenausschnitt Katternberger Str. 24\" class=\"wp-image-118\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Katternberger Stra\u00dfe 24 <em>\u2013 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harita<\/a><\/em> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\"><\/a><em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\">Tur Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emil Kronenberg, 1864\u2019te bir hekimin o\u011flu olarak Leichlingen\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya geldi. 1885\u2019ten 1890\u2019a kadar de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fcniversitelerde t\u0131p okuduktan sonra Berlin\u2019de kulak-burun-bo\u011faz dal\u0131nda uzmanl\u0131k e\u011fitimi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Na-25-21-frei.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Na-25-21-frei-198x300.jpg\" alt=\"Foto des Ehepaars Adele und Dr. Emil Kronenberg, Quelle: Stadtarchiv Solingen, Na 25-21\" class=\"wp-image-2716\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Adele ve Dr. Emil Kronenberg \u00e7ifti, Kaynak: Solingen Belediye Ar\u015fivi, Na 25-21<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>1894\u2019te Solingen\u2019de KBB uzman\u0131 olarak muayenehanesini a\u00e7an Emil Kronenberg, 1896\u2019da H\u0131ristiyan bir aileden bir t\u00fcccar\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 olan Adele Becker ile evlendi. Ancak kendisi sinagog cemaatinin \u00fcyesi olarak kald\u0131. \u00c7iftin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmad\u0131ysa da y\u0131llar boyunca akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na ana babal\u0131k ettiler. Bunlardan biri de Emil Kronenberg\u2019in ye\u011feni olan m\u00fcstakbel hekim Grete Blumenthal\u2019d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonraki y\u0131llarda Emil Kronenberg bir\u00e7ok t\u0131p dergisinde say\u0131s\u0131z makale yay\u0131mlad\u0131. 1894\u2019te Solingen Tabipler Odas\u0131\u2019na girdi ve 1933\u2019e kadar y\u00f6netim kurulunda g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. 1897\u2019de Bat\u0131 Almanya Bo\u011faz ve Kulak Hekimleri Birli\u011fi\u2019nin kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan Dr. Kronenberg, 1912-14 d\u00f6neminde birli\u011fin ba\u015fkan\u0131yd\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Bat\u0131 cephesindeki bir sahra hastanesinde g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Na-25-20-1024x771.jpg\" alt=\"Foto Dr. Emil Kronenberg (in der Bildmitte sitzend mit Rotkreuz-Binde) im Feldlazarett w\u00e4hrend des Ersten Weltkriegs, Quelle: Stadtarchiv Solingen, Na 25-20\" class=\"wp-image-2719\"\/><figcaption>Dr. Emil Kronenberg (resmin ortas\u0131nda, K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 pazubendi olan) Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda sahra hastanesinde, Kaynak: Solingen Belediye Ar\u015fivi, Na 25-20<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Emil Kronenberg\u2019in babas\u0131 ulusal liberallere yak\u0131n olsa da kendisi Friedrich Naumann \u00e7izgisindeki sol liberallerdendi. 1919\u2019da Almanya Demokrat Partisi\u2019nin Solingen il ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Ancak 1926 ba\u015f\u0131ndan 1928 ortalar\u0131na kadar bu g\u00f6revi b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. O tarihten sonra da kar\u0131s\u0131 Adele parti sekreteri olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2019\u2019da, Solingen FDP\u2019nin \u00f6nayak olmas\u0131yla Katternberger Stra\u00dfe 24 numara \u00f6n\u00fcne Adele ve Emil Kronenberg ad\u0131na t\u00f6kezta\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/ek_5749-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4855\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/ek_5749.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/stadtrundfahrt-juedische-aerztinnen-in-solingen\/ek_5749-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-4855\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/ek_5721-765x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4854\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/ek_5721.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/stadtrundfahrt-juedische-aerztinnen-in-solingen\/ek_5721-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-4854\"\/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Kronenberg \u00e7ifti i\u00e7in t\u00f6kezta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131rken. Foto\u011fraflar: Daniela Tobias<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Durak: Bethesda Sanatoryumu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/S4Bethesda-1.png\" alt=\"Kartenausschnitt Friedrichstr. \/ Ecke Kirschbaumer Hof\" class=\"wp-image-119\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Friedrichstra\u00dfe, Kirschbaumer Hof\u2019un k\u00f6\u015fesi <em><em><em><em>\u2013 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harita<\/a><\/em> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\"><\/a><em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\">Tur Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1899\u2019da Dr. Emil Kronenberg, g\u00f6z, kad\u0131n-do\u011fum ve \u00e7ocuk hastal\u0131klar\u0131 uzman\u0131 olan \u00fc\u00e7 meslekta\u015f\u0131yla birlikte 25 yatakl\u0131 bir \u00f6zel klinik olarak Bethesda Sanatoryumu\u2019nu kurmu\u015ftu. Hastalar bir ila \u00fc\u00e7 yatakl\u0131 odalarda kal\u0131yordu ve bu, d\u00f6nemin genel hastanelerine g\u00f6re bir ilerlemeydi. 1910\u2019da Bethesda Diyakozlu\u011fu klini\u011fi devrald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15 Eyl\u00fcl 1935 tarihli Reich yurtta\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasas\u0131yla kamuya ait ve \u00f6zel hastanelerdeki Yahudi hekimler i\u015flerini kaybetti. Emil Kronenberg \u00f6zel muayenehanesini de kapatt\u0131. Oturdu\u011fu evin ve muayenehanenin bulundu\u011fu binay\u0131 kay\u0131nbiraderine satarak H\u00f6chscheid\u2019da, Neuenkamper Stra\u00dfe 70 numarada bir daire kiralad\u0131. Art\u0131k ayda 120 mark gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ya\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/PK-6645-1024x644.jpg\" alt=\"Postkarte des Krankenhauses Bethesda. Quelle: Stadtarchiv Solingen, PK 6645\" class=\"wp-image-5024\"\/><figcaption>Bethesda Hastanesi\u2019nin kartpostal\u0131. Kaynak: Solingen Belediye Ar\u015fivi, PK 6645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Daha \u00f6nce s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz ve 1922-24 aras\u0131nda onun yan\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f olan ye\u011feni Grete Blumenthal, Nisan 1935\u2019te tekrar day\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Grete 1935\u2019te hekimlik s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla verdi\u011fi ve Protestan dinine ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011fu halde ne diplomas\u0131n\u0131 ne de hekimlik ruhsat\u0131n\u0131 alabildi. 1936 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Bel\u00e7ika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Diplomas\u0131n\u0131 ise ancak Almanya\u2019da hekimlik ruhsat\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7erek alabildi. Bel\u00e7ika \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Alman i\u015fgaline u\u011frad\u0131ktan sonra Anvers\u2019de, ard\u0131ndan Marsilya ve Aix-en-Provence\u2019ta saklanarak ya\u015fad\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl 1942\u2019de s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli kamplarda g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutuldu. Sava\u015f sona erince Bel\u00e7ika\u2019ya d\u00f6nebildiyse de 1950 sonunda \u0130srail\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etti ve 1951\u2019den sonra orada bir klinik laboratuvar\u0131nda medikal m\u00fcd\u00fcr olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Durak: Dr. Paul Berkenau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/S5Berkenau-1.png\" alt=\"Kartenausschnitt S\u00fcdwall 36 (Dreieck)\" class=\"wp-image-120\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Graf-Wilhelm-Platz (S\u00fcdwall 36) <em><em><em><em><em>\u2013 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harita<\/a><\/em> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\"><\/a><em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\">Tur Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Protestan sinir hastal\u0131klar\u0131 uzman\u0131 Dr. Paul Berkenau, Hannover\u2019de Benjamin adl\u0131 bir Yahudi ailesindendi. 1911\u2019de Berkenau ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1927 sonlar\u0131nda Solingen\u2019e geldikten sonra ilk muayenehanesini bug\u00fcn Klemens-Horn-Stra\u00dfe\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu yerde a\u00e7t\u0131. Berkenaular ve kom\u015fular\u0131 olan hekim \u00e7ifti R\u00fcppeller iyi ahbapt\u0131. Paul Berkenau, kar\u0131s\u0131 Erika ve 1924 ile 1927 y\u0131llar\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 G\u00fcnther ve Susanne ile birlikte 1929\u2019da S\u00fcdwall 36 numaraya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Graf-Wilhelm-Platz civar\u0131).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/BerkenauRueppel1920.jpg\" alt=\"Foto des Ehepaars Dr. Hans (rechts) und Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel (2. v.l.) mit der Familie Berkenau (Mitte) und einer weiteren Freundin (links). Quelle: Stadtarchiv Solingen.\" class=\"wp-image-4627\"\/><figcaption>Dr. Hans (sa\u011fda) ve Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel (soldan ikinci) \u00e7ifti Berkenau ailesi (ortada) ve ba\u015fka bir arkada\u015flar\u0131 (solda) ile birlikte. Kaynak: Solingen Belediye Ar\u015fivi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Berkenau ailesinin yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden ise o\u011fullar\u0131 G\u00fcnther oldu. Dr. Berkenau, ki\u015fisel d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 1937\u2019de onu liseden al\u0131p \u0130ngiltere\u2019de bir yat\u0131l\u0131 okula g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. \u00c7evresinde \u00e7ok sevilen bir hekim oldu\u011fu halde 1939\u2019da kendisi de ailesiyle birlikte \u0130svi\u00e7re \u00fczerinden \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Orada \u00f6nce \u0130ngilizce t\u0131p s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mesi gerekiyordu, bu nedenle klinikte hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ancak 1941\u2019de ba\u015flayabildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u011flu G\u00fcnther ise 1942\u2019de 18 ya\u015f\u0131na gelince Britanya ordusuna yaz\u0131larak tank\u00e7\u0131 birli\u011finde e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Soyad\u0131n\u0131 da o s\u0131ralarda Berkeley olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. M\u00fcttefik ordular\u0131n\u0131n 6 Haziran 1944\u2019te Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kuzey k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 cephesinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan Normandiya \u00c7\u0131kartmas\u0131\u2019nda o da vard\u0131. Sava\u015ftan sonra Almanya\u2019daki i\u015fgal kuvvetlerinde g\u00f6rev ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Babas\u0131 Dr. Paul Berkenau\u2019nun Britanya yurtta\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesi ise 1947\u2019yi bulacakt\u0131. 1957\u2019de emekli olan Paul Berkenau 1963\u2019te \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Durak: Emil Kronenberg Binas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/S6Kronenberg-1.png\" alt=\"Kartenausschnitt Mummstr. 10\" class=\"wp-image-121\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Mummstra\u00dfe 10 <em><em><em><em><em><em>\u2013 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harita<\/a><\/em> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\"><\/a><em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\">Tur Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tabelalardan da g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi belediye k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Stadtbibliothek\u2019in ve yeti\u015fkinlere y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 Volkshochschule\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu binaya Dr. Emil Kronenberg\u2019in ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bu tesad\u00fcf de\u011fil. Kronenberg \u00e7ifti, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde k\u00fclt\u00fcrle ilgiliydi. Adele Kronenberg, Solingen \u015fehrine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak gen\u00e7lerin korunmas\u0131, toplum refah\u0131 ve acil yard\u0131m hizmetleri gibi konularda faaliyet g\u00f6steren kurulu\u015flara katk\u0131da bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Na-25-21-Nr.-019.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Na-25-21-Nr.-019-224x300.jpg\" alt=\"Nachkriegsfoto Dr. Emil Kronenberg, Quelle: Stadtarchiv Solingen, Na 25-21 Nr. 19\" class=\"wp-image-4570\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Dr. Emil Kronenberg, Kaynak: Solingen Belediye Ar\u015fivi, Na 25-21 Nr. 19<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Emil Kronenberg ise Solingen kitap kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde etkiliydi ve Solingen \u015fehrine bir Volkshochschule a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onun \u00f6nayak oldu\u011fu ilk Volkshochschule 1912\u2019den 1918\u2019e kadar faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi. Sonra Weimar Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde 1919\u2019da yeti\u015fkinlerin e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in belediyeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Volkshochschule a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Dr. Kronenberg belediyenin e\u011fitim komisyonuna \u00fcye oldu\u011fu gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k komisyonunda da etkiliydi. 1926 ba\u015flar\u0131nda yine onun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde belediye k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi faaliyete ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak Nazi iktidar\u0131yla birlikte Emil ve Adele Kronenberg b\u00fct\u00fcn bu fahri g\u00f6revlerinden \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1941 sonunda Emil Kronenberg, Reich d\u00f6nemindeki Yahudiler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Solingen b\u00fcrosunda kalan son g\u00f6revliydi. 1 \u015eubat 1943\u2019te Almanya Reich y\u00f6netimi yarar\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na el koyulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in karar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ysa da uygulanmad\u0131. 17 Eyl\u00fcl 1944\u2019te Dr. Kronenberg, \u201cMischehe\u201d denen karma evlilik yapm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer Yahudilerle birlikte Terezin kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. Nazi rejimi y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca Solingen\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Yeni kurulan FDP\u2019nin K\u00fclt\u00fcr Komitesi temsilcili\u011fini \u00fcstlendi. 1954\u2019te, 90 ya\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6ld\u00fc. K\u00fclleri, Kasinostra\u00dfe\u2019deki Protestan mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, 1943\u2019te \u00f6len kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Durak: Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/S7Rueppel-1.png\" alt=\"Kartenausschnitt Augustastr. 10\" class=\"wp-image-122\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Augustastra\u00dfe 10 <em><em><em><em><em><em><em>\u2013 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harita<\/a><\/em> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\"><\/a><em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\">Tur Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Solingenli \u00e7ocuk hekimi Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel, 1895\u2019te Erna Marcus ad\u0131yla Wuppertal-Barmen\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya geldi ve K\u00f6ln\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. 1913\u2019te orada lise olgunluk s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Erna Marcus o d\u00f6nemde t\u0131p okuyan \u00e7ok az say\u0131da kad\u0131ndan biriydi. M\u00fcstakbel kocas\u0131 Hans R\u00fcppel ile Bonn \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ift Aral\u0131k 1921\u2019de evlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1927\u2019de de Erna R\u00fcppel\u2019in akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Solingen\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131lar. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra Augustastra\u00dfe 10 numarada bir ev yapt\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Aral\u0131k 1933\u2019te yap\u0131m\u0131 tamamlanan binada iki konut ve iki hekim muayenehanesi bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Rueppel-Kinderstation-web-1024x783.jpg\" alt=\"Foto Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel am Kinderkrankenbett, wohl Anfang der 1920er Jahre, Quelle: Horst Sassin\" class=\"wp-image-1335\"\/><figcaption>Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel, muhtemelen 1920\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk hastas\u0131yla, Kaynak: Horst Sassin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nazi rejimi \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Erna R\u00fcppel\u2019in \u00e7ocuk hekimi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ruhsat\u0131n\u0131 iptal edecekti ve kocas\u0131 da \u201cAri\u201d say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde boykottan nasibini ald\u0131. Hans R\u00fcppel, Bethesda Sanatoryumu \u0130\u00e7 Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm \u015eefi g\u00f6revinden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 onayl\u0131 hekim stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc de kaybetti. 1938\u2019deki pogrom gecesinden bir g\u00fcn sonra hem \u00e7iftin evi hem de Hans R\u00fcppel\u2019in muayenehanesi sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunun \u00fczerine \u00e7ift us\u00fblen bo\u015fanmaya karar verdi. B\u00f6ylece Hans R\u00fcppel i\u015fine d\u00f6nerek tekrar normal bir gelir elde edecek ve Erna\u2019n\u0131n annesi ile sakat olan ablas\u0131 Grete\u2019ye bakmaya devam edebileceklerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Ehepaar-Rueppel-web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Ehepaar-Rueppel-web-209x300.jpg\" alt=\"Foto des Ehepaars Erna und Hans R\u00fcppel in den 1920ern, Quelle: Horst Sassin\" class=\"wp-image-1339\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Erna ve Hans R\u00fcppel \u00e7ifti 1920\u2019lerde, Kaynak: Horst Sassin<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Erna R\u00fcppel K\u00f6ln\u2019deki \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131 Hasta ve Ya\u015fl\u0131 Bak\u0131mevi\u2019ne ta\u015f\u0131narak hem\u015firelik \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1942\u2019de Terezin\u2019deki kampa g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenince ka\u00e7\u0131p saklanmaya karar verdi. Hans R\u00fcppel, H\u0131rvat bir arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla Erna\u2019ya sahte kimlik belgeleri \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Haziran 1943\u2019te Erna R\u00fcppel, M\u00fcnih\u2019teki K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 Hastanesi\u2019nde Anna Markus(ch) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda sahte kimlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli olarak yakalanma korkusu i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131. B\u00f6lgenin Amerikal\u0131larca al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra Solingen\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Annesi ile ablas\u0131 Terezin\u2019de \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Solingen\u2019de Erna R\u00fcppel eski hayat\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Muayenehanesini tekrar a\u00e7t\u0131, lisans\u0131n\u0131n iade edilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulundu ve kocas\u0131yla ikinci kez evlendi. \u00c7ift, belediyede kurulan bir\u00e7ok komisyonda aktif g\u00f6rev alarak yeni demokrasiye katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1970\u2019te \u00f6len Erna R\u00fcppel, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 cenaze t\u00f6reninin ard\u0131ndan Kasinostra\u00dfe\u2019deki Protestan mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. 2018\u2019de de Augustastra\u00dfe 10 numaran\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki kald\u0131r\u0131ma akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00f6renle ad\u0131na t\u00f6kezta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/uprueppel17-1024x748.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2421\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/uprueppel17-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/932-2\/uprueppel17-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-2421\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/uprueppel13-1024x707.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"1358\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/uprueppel13-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/932-2\/uprueppel13\/\" class=\"wp-image-1358\"\/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\"> Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel i\u00e7in t\u00f6kezta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131rken. Foto\u011fraflar: Uli Preuss <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Durak: Belediye Hastaneleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/S8Klinikum-1.png\" alt=\"Kartenausschnitt Gotenstr. 1\" class=\"wp-image-123\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Gotenstra\u00dfe 1 <em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em>\u2013 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/mmp\/fullscreen\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harita<\/a><\/em> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\"><\/a><em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\">Tur Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aral\u0131k 1933\u2019te Dr. Eduard Schott, belediye kliniklerindeki y\u00f6neticilik g\u00f6revinden al\u0131nd\u0131 ve 1935\u2019te de res\u2019en emekli oldu. Daha 6 Nisan 1935\u2019te hastane giri\u015fine as\u0131lan bir afi\u015fte kocaman k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 harflerle \u015fu yaz\u0131 vard\u0131: \u201cYahudi Schott defol.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hastanenin i\u015fletme m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Friedrich Bernhard Winterhof afi\u015fi \u00f6fkeyle yerinden s\u00f6k\u00fcp belediyeye \u015fik\u00e2yette bulundu. Ama belediye, kendi hastanesindeki bir doktor i\u00e7in k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 bile k\u0131p\u0131rdatmad\u0131. Eduard Schott\u2019un \u015fahs\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tepkisi ise inanamama, afallama ve hiddetin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130dareye bir dilek\u00e7e vererek \u00f6fkesini dile getiriyordu: \u201cTek bir g\u00fcn kendimi Almandan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olarak hissetmedim ve \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u00fcn sonuna kadar da hissetmeyece\u011fim. Bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l askerlik yapt\u0131m ben.\u201d Hatta Schott, hastanedeki g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in bir istisna yap\u0131larak kendisine \u00f6zel izin verilmesi dile\u011fiyle \u201cF\u00fchrer\u2019e ve Reich \u015eans\u00f6lyesi\u2019ne\u201d do\u011frudan ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Krankenanstalten1935Picard-1024x690.jpg\" alt=\"Foto St\u00e4dtische Krankenanstalten, ca. 1935. Quelle: Stadtarchiv Solingen\" class=\"wp-image-1651\"\/><figcaption>Belediye Hastaneleri, ca. 1935. Kaynak: Solingen Belediye Ar\u015fivi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Solingen halk\u0131ndan da protestoya kat\u0131lanlar oldu. Ailenin yak\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Frick\u2019i harekete ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Otto Jagenberg, Wilhelm Sch\u00fcrhoff ve Walter Osberghaus adl\u0131 giri\u015fimciler, kendi de hekim olan \u0130l Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Dr. Otto\u2019ya ba\u015fvurdu. \u015eehrin belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 Br\u00fcckmann ise ba\u015fvuruyu kesin bir dille reddetti: \u201cBu konunun \u015fahsi bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00f6k\u00fclmesini son derece m\u00fcnasebetsiz bulmaktay\u0131m, l\u00fctfen bundan imtina ediniz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Profes\u00f6r Schott, ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikten sonra orada mesle\u011finde eski konuma gelmesinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc. T\u0131p s\u0131navlar\u0131na tekrar girdikten sonra ancak Boston civar\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kasabada muayenehane a\u00e7abilmi\u015fti. May\u0131s 1940\u2019ta b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131 da ABD\u2019ye gidebildi, ancak ailenin di\u011fer \u00fcyeleri Weimar\u2019da kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1942\u2019de Ilse Schott, b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle ailenin Almanya\u2019da kalan \u00fcyelerini korumak i\u00e7in kocas\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sava\u015ftan sonra, art\u0131k 70\u2019li ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrmekte ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da epeyce bozulmu\u015f olan Dr. Schott, gelip tekrar Solingen\u2019deki hastanenin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan teklifi geri \u00e7evirdi. 1946-47 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ailenin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc art\u0131k ABD\u2019ye yerle\u015fmi\u015fti; 1951\u2019de Schott\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu da kendi ailesiyle birlikte oraya g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc. 6 Temmuz 1952\u2019de Schott inme ge\u00e7irerek \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10 Kas\u0131m 2017\u2019de Solingen\u2019deki klinikte, torunlar\u0131n\u0131n da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00f6renle ad\u0131na \u00e7ak\u0131lan an\u0131 plaketinin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. 2018\u2019de N\u00fckleer Sava\u015f\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi \u0130\u00e7in Uluslararas\u0131 Hekimler (IPPNW) \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn Solingen b\u00f6lge temsilcilerinin \u00f6nayak olmas\u0131yla Birkenweiher 43 numaran\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne Eduard Schott ad\u0131na bir t\u00f6kezta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Eduard-Schott-1949-in-USA-RS-10124_BEA_R-1024x713.jpg\" alt=\"Foto Eduard Schott 1949 in USA. Quelle: Stadtarchiv Solingen, RS 10124\" class=\"wp-image-4155\"\/><figcaption>Eduard Schott 1949\u2019da ABD\u2019de. Kaynak: Solingen Belediye Ar\u015fivi, RS 10124<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Haz\u0131rlayan: Dr. Horst Sassin 1. Durak: Dr. Walter ve Dr. Ida Marcus 2. Durak: Prof. Dr. Eduard Schott 3. Durak: Dr. Emil Kronenberg 4. Durak: Bethesda Sanatoryumu 5. Durak: Dr. Paul Berkenau 6. Durak: Emil Kronenberg Binas\u0131 7. Durak: Dr. Erna R\u00fcppel 8. Durak: Belediye Hastaneleri 1. Durak: Dr. Walter ve Dr. Ida Marcus Werwolf&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/tr\/yahudi-hekimler\/\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Yahudi Hekimler<\/span> weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1202","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1202"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1305,"href":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1202\/revisions\/1305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/max-leven-zentrum.de\/2021JLID\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}